REFERENCES

Jan/Feb 2026

Pandemic Response Needs Communities, Not Just Command and Control - Igor Shagalov and Leonid Polishchuk argue that the UK’s pandemic response was weakened by an overly centralised model that sidelined local knowledge and civil society input. Drawing on lessons from the UK Covid-19 Inquiry and evidence from care homes, they set out what public sector leaders can do now to integrate social capital as core pandemic resilience infrastructure - Read Article >

i https://covid19.public-inquiry.uk/news/inquiry-publishes-second-report-and-19-recommendations-examining-core-uk-decision-making-and-political-governance/

ii https://ltccovid.org/2022/02/22/international-data-on-deaths-attributed-to-covid-19-among-people-living-in-care-homes/

iii https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/19/covid-isolation-rule-for-care-homes-is-false-imprisonment-risk

iv https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/the-covid-inquiry-and-why-communities-should-be-a-part-of-pandemic-planning/

v https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/community-life-survey-202324-annual-publication/community-life-survey-202324-background-and-headline-findings?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Sept/Oct 2025

Office of Health Economics - Simon Brassel, Senior Principal Economist and Helen Hayes, Associate Principal Economist at the Office of Health Economics propose that while a digital transformation holds promise, its implementation and wide-spread adoption must centre workforce needs, safe and functioning underlying infrastructure, and digital inclusion - https://flickread.com/edition/html/index.php?pdf=6900e79403bc5#32

Health Education England (2024). Understanding healthcare workers' confidence in AI: executive summary and report overview. Available at:
https://digital-transformation.hee.nhs.uk/building-a-digital-workforce/dart-ed/horizon-scanning/understanding-healthcare-workers-confidence-in-ai/executive-summary-and-report-overview

Imperial College London, Medical Centre (2023). Evaluating the uptake of the NHS App in England. Available at:
https://blogs.imperial.ac.uk/medical-centre/2023/10/04/evaluating-the-uptake-of-the-nhs-app-in-england/

National Audit Office (2019). Digital transformation in the NHS. London: National Audit Office. Available at: https://www.nao.org.uk/reports/the-use-of-digital-technology-in-the-nhs/

NHS England (2025). 2025/26 NHS Payment Scheme – Annex C: Guidance on best practice tariffs. Available at:https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/25-26-nhsps-annex-c-guidance-on-best-practice-tariffs/

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2025) OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers. OECD Publishing. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-artificial-intelligence-papers_dee339a8-en.html

Parliament UK (2019). Health policy overview. Research Briefing CBP-7783. Available at: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7783/

The Health Foundation (2023). AI in health care: what do the public and NHS staff think? Available at: https://www.health.org.uk/reports-and-analysis/analysis/ai-in-health-care-what-do-the-public-and-nhs-staff-think

The King’s Fund. (2024) Integrated care systems are making progress but will need greater local flexibility to realise potential. Available at: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/insight-and-analysis/press-releases/integrated-care-systems-progress-greater-local-flexibility-realise-potential

UK Parliament, House of Commons Library. (no date). AI and healthcare research briefing. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8285156

BMJ Open (2020). Open access journal article. Available at:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/12/e031637

Sky News (2024). Doctors are using unapproved AI software to record patient meetings – investigation reveals. Available at:
https://news.sky.com/story/doctors-are-using-unapproved-ai-software-to-record-patient-meetings-investigation-reveals-1338776